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    "arxiv_id": "2012.07436",
    "title": "Informer: Beyond Efficient Transformer for Long Sequence Time-Series Forecasting",
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      "Shanghang Zhang",
      "Jieqi Peng",
      "Shuai Zhang",
      "Jianxin Li",
      "Hui Xiong",
      "Wancai Zhang"
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    "doi": "10.1609/aaai.v35i12.17325",
    "venue": "Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
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          "notes": "n=4, no seed fixed; per-run range 0.4925-0.5318. Observed mean MAE is 0.034 below the paper value (better than reported). The earlier attempt observed 0.5111 from a single run.",
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        "notes": "n=4, no seed fixed; per-run range 0.4925-0.5318. Observed mean MAE is 0.034 below the paper value (better than reported). The earlier attempt observed 0.5111 from a single run.",
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      "metric": "test MSE on ETTh1 multivariate (features M), pred_len 48, normalized data, mean over the 5 iterations the authors script runs",
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          "observed_value": 0.6021,
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          "notes": "Single run (n=1), no seed fixed. Observed MSE is 0.083 below the paper value (better than reported). This claim was untested in the earlier attempt.",
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          "notes": "Single run (n=1), no seed fixed. Observed MAE is 0.055 below the paper value (better than reported). This claim was untested in the earlier attempt.",
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        "rederivation_problems": [],
        "method": "Same run as etth1-multi-48-mse: exp.test() printed mae:0.5700394511222839 on the test split, rounded to 4 decimals (event 42 prints the saved metrics.npy as mae=0.5700).",
        "notes": "Single run (n=1), no seed fixed. Observed MAE is 0.055 below the paper value (better than reported). This claim was untested in the earlier attempt.",
        "code_version": "primary",
        "code_ref": ""
      },
      "earlier_final": null,
      "verdict": "consistent",
      "result_revisions": 0,
      "ratio_to_published": 0.9119999999999999,
      "optional_stopping": false,
      "evidence_problems": [],
      "evidence_ok": true
    }
  ],
  "counts": {
    "claims_scored": 3,
    "consistent": 2,
    "consistent_earlier_code": 0,
    "inconsistent": 0,
    "untested": 1,
    "withdrawn_after_seal": 0,
    "other": {
      "claims": 3,
      "consistent": 2,
      "inconsistent": 0,
      "untested": 1
    }
  },
  "withdrawn": [],
  "protocol": {
    "earlier_code": "not_allowed",
    "primary_code": "https://github.com/zhouhaoyi/Informer2020 at commit c648cc6 (2021-03-25, \"Fix typos\"): the last commit on or before 2021-03-28, the date of arXiv v3 (the version tested, the AAAI 2021 camera-ready). Run with the authors own commands in scripts/ETTh1.sh at that commit.",
    "rationale": "The arXiv v3 PDF is the paper under test and c648cc6 is the code the authors had published by that date. The repository history before v3 is short (first public commits were in Dec 2020) and the scripts/ETTh1.sh commands at c648cc6 already match the README reproduction commands, so there is no reason to fall back to earlier code; results come from one declared version only."
  },
  "deviations": [
    {
      "event": 23,
      "description": "All training and evaluation on CPU (dedicated 4 vCPU DigitalOcean droplet s-4vcpu-8gb-intel, 3.5-CPU container quota, torch 1.8.0+cpu) instead of the single Nvidia V100 32GB GPU the paper states. The authors code falls back to CPU automatically when CUDA is unavailable (main_informer.py: args.use_gpu = torch.cuda.is_available() and args.use_gpu); no code was changed.",
      "impact": "minor",
      "reason": "The sandbox is CPU-only (same as the earlier attempt)."
    },
    {
      "event": 24,
      "description": "OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 for each training run; the horizon-24 and horizon-48 multivariate runs execute concurrently in two separate clean copies of the code at c648cc6.",
      "impact": "none",
      "reason": "Micro-benchmark (event 19) on this box: 4 threads were slower than 2 for every config (m24 4.14 vs 2.48 s/step, m48 6.59 vs 4.22), and 1 thread gave 3.51 / 5.99 s/step, so two concurrent 1-thread runs give the most throughput. Thread count affects floating-point reduction order only."
    },
    {
      "event": 36,
      "description": "Claims etth1-uni-24-mse/mae (univariate, features S, seq_len 720, label_len 168, pred_len 24) were registered but not run on this dedicated box either: they remain untested.",
      "impact": "material",
      "reason": "Micro-benchmark on this box (event 19): one training step of the univariate seq_len 720 configuration takes 27.6 s at the best thread count (2 threads; 40.1 s at 1, 34.7 s at 4). With 247 steps per epoch that is about 1.9 h per epoch before validation, and the authors early stopping (patience 3) needs at least 4 epochs, i.e. at least ~7.6 h for one iteration, which exceeds the 7 h wall-time and $0.80 cloud budget of this re-run. Cutting --train_epochs or --seq_len was rejected because it would change the result rather than test the claim."
    },
    {
      "event": 63,
      "description": "Fewer training iterations than the --itr 5 in the authors script: ETTh1 multivariate horizon 24 was run as 4 independent --itr 1 iterations (observed value = their mean), and multivariate horizon 48 as a single --itr 1 iteration (n=1). --itr is the scripts own option; no other hyperparameter was changed.",
      "impact": "minor",
      "reason": "Compute budget (7 h wall time, $0.80): on this CPU box one horizon-24 iteration took 77-113 min and the horizon-48 iteration took 190 min (job events 31, 46, 53, 57, 40), so a second horizon-48 iteration or a fifth horizon-24 iteration could not finish in time."
    }
  ],
  "notes": [
    {
      "event": 5,
      "text": "Re-run of attempt arxiv-2012-07436-20261019T132134Z on a dedicated box, to test the claims that went untested there for compute reasons."
    },
    {
      "event": 64,
      "text": "Configuration source, as in the earlier attempt: the authors commands from scripts/ETTh1.sh at c648cc6 are run verbatim apart from --itr. The paper text (p.5) describes a 3-layer plus 1-layer encoder, a 2-layer decoder and 8 epochs, whereas the released scripts use --e_layers 2 --d_layers 1 and the code defaults (6 epochs, early-stopping patience 3, batch size 32); the released commands are treated as the authors reproduction recipe. Comparison with the earlier attempt (arxiv-2012-07436-20261019T132134Z): multivariate horizon 24 there gave MSE 0.4941 / MAE 0.5111 from one run; here 4 runs gave 0.4705-0.5298 MSE (mean 0.5046) and 0.4925-0.5318 MAE (mean 0.5151), consistent with it. Multivariate horizon 48, untested there, is tested here. Univariate horizon 24 remains untested here too: this dedicated s-4vcpu-8gb-intel box was not faster per step than the earlier shared one (m24 2.5 s/step at best vs 1.9 s there)."
    }
  ],
  "flags": [
    "At least one deviation from the paper's protocol is marked material."
  ],
  "compute": {
    "shell_commands": 8,
    "sandbox_seconds": 819.3,
    "jobs": 6,
    "job_seconds": 33539.1,
    "sandbox": {
      "container": "repro-arxiv-2012-07436-20261019t202050z",
      "docker_daemon": {
        "mem_bytes": 8326942720,
        "ncpu": 4
      },
      "effective": {
        "cpus": 3.5,
        "memory_bytes": 6442450944
      },
      "image": "repro-sandbox:0.2",
      "image_id": "sha256:0f62397ca0ed1a51f35ab9f6dc755d3f012e5a0d2aff0721a359c88aed8febb2",
      "limits": {
        "cpus": 3.5,
        "gpu": null,
        "memory": "6g",
        "network": true,
        "shm": "2g"
      },
      "target": "cloud",
      "target_detail": {
        "box": "arxiv-2012-07436-20261019t202050z",
        "droplet": "repro-arxiv-2012-07436-20261019-2021",
        "image": "ubuntu-24-04-x64",
        "price_hourly_usd": 0.08333,
        "provider": "digitalocean",
        "region": "nyc3",
        "size": "s-4vcpu-8gb-intel"
      },
      "volume": "repro-arxiv-2012-07436-20261019t202050z-work",
      "warnings": []
    },
    "environment_event": 66
  },
  "drivers": [
    "operator:claude-opus-5-5 (Claude Code subagent, AI-driven)"
  ],
  "model_usage": {},
  "model_cost_usd": null,
  "started_at": "2026-10-19T20:20:50.671Z",
  "ended_at": "2026-10-20T01:47:06.748Z",
  "log": {
    "events": 69,
    "head_hash": "cf28ac49bd513cc6b2d4438a5e99cbbfd7f7210680dec7afd136f609a40513f6"
  },
  "right_of_reply": "Authors may submit a response, which is published alongside this report unedited."
}
